2025-12-01 Council Minutes
MINUTES OF THE REGULAR MEETING OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE
CITY OF DES PLAINES, ILLINOIS HELD IN THE ELEANOR ROHRBACH
MEMORIAL COUNCIL CHAMBERS, DES PLAINES CIVIC CENTER, MONDAY,
DECEMBER 1, 2025
CALL TO
ORDER
The regular meeting of the City Council of the City of Des Plaines, Illinois, was called to
order by Mayor Goczkowski at 7:00 PM in the Eleanor Rohrbach Memorial Council
Chambers, Des Plaines Civic Center on Monday, December 1, 2025.
ROLL CALL Roll call indicated the following Aldermen present: Chlebek, Moylan, Oskerka, Sayad,
Merlin, Walsten, Smith and Charewicz. A quorum was present.
PRAYER AND
PLEDGE
The prayer and the Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag of the United States of America were
offered by Mayor Goczkowski.
SWEARING-IN
CEREMONY/
RECOGNITION
The Fire Department was proud to commemorate the swearing-in of new hires, along with
a recent appointment. Mayor Goczkowski swore in the following new hires:
• MICHAEL CANGELOSI – APPOINTED TO
FIREFIGHTER/PARAMEDIC/ENGINEER
• ZACKARY GEIB – SWORN IN AS FIREFIGHTER/PARAMEDIC
• NOAH BULKA – SWORN IN AS FIREFIGHTER/PARAMEDIC
• ODI NANO – SWORN IN AS FIREFIGHTER/PARAMEDIC
• MICHAEL VELAZQUEZ – SWORN IN AS FIREFIGHTER/PARAMEDIC
• AIDAN MURRAY – SWORN IN AS FIREFIGHTER/PARAMEDIC
• NICHOLAS MASSARO – SWORN IN AS FIREFIGHTER/PARAMEDIC
PUBLIC HEARING:
CAPER
ACCOMPLISHMENTS
OF CDBG
Resolution
R-224-25:
The Public Hearing began at 7:14 PM
Senior Planner Samantha Redman and CDBG Administrator reviewed a memorandum dated
November 20, 2025.
The Program Year (PY) 2024 Consolidated Annual Performance & Evaluation Report
(CAPER) is an annual report outlining the accomplishments of the Community
Development Block Grant (CDBG) program and requires City Council approval prior to
submission to the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD).
PY2024, covering the period from October 1, 2024 through September 30, 2025, was the
fifth and final year of the City’s 5-Year CDBG Consolidated Plan. The report summarizes
the City’s performance toward the goals established in the PY2024 Annual Action Plan and
the Consolidated Plan, detailing expenditures and accomplishments related to public service
activities, housing programs, and infrastructure improvements completed during the
program year.
The required public hearing was held to conclude the HUD-mandated public comment
process. A 21-day public comment period began on November 10, 2025, following
publication of a notice in the Journal and Topics on October 22, 2025. The CAPER was
available for public review at the Civic Center and on the City’s website throughout the
comment period.
Page 2 of 10 12/01/2025
Moved by Sayad, seconded by Oskerka to Approve Resolution R-224-25. Upon roll call,
the vote was:
AYES: 8 - Chlebek, Moylan, Oskerka, Sayad,
Merlin, Walsten, Smith, Charewicz
NAYS: 0 - None
ABSENT: 0 - None
Motion declared carried.
The Public Hearing adjourned at 7:20 PM
PUBLIC COMMENT Ray, resident of 940 Timothy Lane expressed concern about adding a parking lane to the
Des Plaines Roundabout.
Colin Tyson, from Bike and Walk Des Plaines, congratulated Public Works on their winter
efforts to keep the roads clear. He noted that businesses are required to clear their sidewalks,
and if they do not comply, the City should issue citations. He also encouraged residents to
submit reports of uncleared sidewalks through the 311 program.
MAYORAL
ANNOUNCEMENTS
Mayor Goczkowski encouraged residents to attend the upcoming Holiday Tree Lighting at
Metropolitan Square on Friday, December 6, as well as the Winter Fair and Trolley Tours
on Saturday, December 7. He also noted that the Mount Prospect Park District will host a
winter event on Saturday from 10:00 a.m. to 2:00 p.m. In addition, he thanked Public Works
for their assistance during the recent snowstorm.
ALDERMAN
ANNOUNCEMENTS
Alderman Smith thanked Public Works for their efforts in clearing snow over the past week.
Alderman Charewicz thanked Public Works for their work clearing the snow. She also
encouraged residents to attend the upcoming 8th Ward meeting on December 2. In addition,
she invited residents to attend the Ugly Sweater Karaoke Night at the library and encouraged
participation in the Chamber of Commerce Holiday Drive on December 11, including
donating food at the event.
Alderman Oskerka encouraged residents to contact him so he can connect them with the Jet
City Coalition for snowplow assistance.
Alderman Sayad thanked Public Works for their cleanup efforts and offered kudos to the
Fire Department.
Alderman Merlin also expressed his thanks. He noted that Charcoal Delights will be hosting
photos with Mrs. Claus on Saturday, December 6th
Alderman Walsten encouraged the Council to reuse binders from previous meetings. He also
raised a concern and asked how many cities that have a casino also allow video gaming
within their municipality.
CITY CLERK
ANNOUNCEMENTS
Clerk Bronakowski thanked Public Works for all of their hard work during the winter
season.
MANAGER’S
REPORT
City Manager Wisniewski thanked the Public Works team for their winter storm planning
and congratulated the newly hired Fire Department staff member.
COUNSEL
REPORT
No announcements at this time
Page 3 of 10 12/01/2025
CONSENT
AGENDA
Request by Des Planes Resident Jessica Mastalski to remove item one from the Consent
Agenda.
Request by Alderman Charewicz to remove item 14 from the Consent Agenda.
Moved by Sayad, seconded by Merlin, to Establish the Consent Agenda. Upon voice vote,
the vote was:
AYES: 8 - Chlebek, Moylan, Oskerka, Sayad,
Merlin, Walsten, Smith, Charewicz
NAYS: 0 - None
ABSENT: 0 - None
Motion declared carried.
Moved by Oskerka, seconded by Walsten, to Approve the Consent Agenda. Upon roll call,
the vote was:
AYES: 8 - Chlebek, Moylan, Oskerka, Sayad,
Merlin, Walsten, Smith, Charewicz
NAYS: 0 - None
ABSENT: 0 - None
Motion declared carried.
Resolutions R-226-25, R-227-25, R-228-25, R-229-25, R-230-25, R-231-25, R-232-25, R-
233-25, R-234-25, R-235-25, R-236-25, R-237-25, and R-239-25 were adopted. Ordinance
M-27-25 was adopted. Regular Meeting Minutes for November 17, 2025 were approved.
APPROVING A
LICENSE
AGREEMENT WITH
NORTHWEST
MUNICIPAL
FEDERAL CREDIT
UNION FOR CITY
HALL SPACE
Consent Agenda
Resolution
R-219-25
Resident Mastalski encouraged City Council to oppose the credit union license agreement.
Alderman Merlin asked the General Counsel if there was anything improper with the
agreement.
The General Counsel stated that he believes that the current agreement is not improper.
Moved by Moylan, seconded by Oskerka, to approve Resolution R-219-25, APPROVING
A LICENSE AGREEMENT WITH THE NORTHWEST MUNICIPAL FEDERAL
CREDIT UNION FOR CITY HALL SPACE from the Consent Agenda. Upon voice vote,
the vote was:
AYES: 7 - Chlebek, Moylan, Oskerka, Sayad,
Merlin, Smith, Charewicz
NAYS: 1 - Walsten
ABSENT: 0 - None
Motion declared carried.
APPROVING
INTERGOVERN-
MENTAL
AGREEMENT WITH
COOK COUNTY
SHERIFF
Consent Agenda
Resolution
R-226-25
Moved by Oskerka, seconded by Walsten, to Approve Resolution R-226-25, APPROVING
AN INTERGOVERNMENTAL AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE CITY OF DES
PLAINES AND THE COOK COUNTY SHERIFF’S POLICE 911 CENTER. Motion
declared carried as approved unanimously under Consent Agenda.
Page 4 of 10 12/01/2025
APPROVING
EXPENDITURE TO
RAUCCI &
SULLIVAN
STRATEGIES, LCC
Consent Agenda
Resolution
R-227-25
Moved by Oskerka, seconded by Walsten, to Approve Resolution R-227-25, APPROVING
AND AUTHORIZING THE EXPENDITURE OF FUNDS PURSUANT TO A
PROPOSAL FROM RAUCCI & SULLIVAN STRATEGIES, LLC, FOR
INTERGOVERNMENTAL AND LEGISLATIVE ADVOCAY SERVICES. Motion
declared carried as approved unanimously under Consent Agenda.
APPROVING
CONTRACT WITH
MUNIIPAL GIS
PARTNERS, INC
Resolution
R-228-25
Moved by Oskerka, seconded by Walsten, to Approve Resolution R-228-25, APPROVING
GIS CONSORTIUM SERVICE PROVIDER CONTRACT WITH MUNICIPAL GIS
PARTNERS, INC. IN THE AMOUNT OF $249,411.12 ANNUALLY. BUDGETED
FUNDS – GENERAL/GIS. Motion declared carried as approved unanimously under
Consent Agenda.
APPROVING TASK
ORDER NO. 6 AND
CONTRACT WITH
DIXON
ENGINEERING
Consent Agenda
Resolution
R-229-25
Moved by Oskerka, seconded by Walsten, to Approve Resolution R-229-25, APPROVING
TASK ORDER NO. 6 AND A NEW MASTER CONTRACT WITH DIXON
ENGINEERING, INC., LAKE ODESSA, MICHIGAN. Motion declared carried as
approved unanimously under Consent Agenda.
APPROVING
CONTRACT WITH
FGM ARCHITECTS,
INC
Consent Agenda
Resolution
R-230-25
Moved by Oskerka, seconded by Walsten, to Approve Resolution R-230-25, APPROVING
A NEW MASTER CONTRACT WITH FGM ARCHITECTS, INC., WESTCHESTER,
ILLINOIS. Motion declared carried as approved unanimously under Consent Agenda.
APPROVING
CONTRACT WITH
HAEGER
ENGINEERING
Consent Agenda
Resolution
R-231-25
APPROVING
CONTRACT WITH
MANUSOS
GENERAL
CONTRACTING
Consent Agenda
Resolution
Moved by Oskerka, seconded by Walsten, to Approve Resolution R-231-25, APPROVING
A NEW MASTER CONTRACT WITH HAEGER ENGINEERING, LLC,
SCHAUMBURG, ILLINOIS. Motion declared carried as approved unanimously under
Consent Agenda.
Moved by Oskerka, seconded by Walsten, to Approve Resolution R-232-25, APPROVING
A NEW MASTER CONTRACT WITH MANUSOS GENERAL CONTRACTING, INC.,
FOX LAKE, ILLINOIS. Motion declared carried as approved unanimously under Consent
Agenda.
Page 5 of 10 12/01/2025
R-232-25
APPROVING
CONTRACT WITH
RJN GROUP INC.,
Consent Agenda
Resolution
R-233-25
APPROVING
CONTRACT WITH
TROTTER &
ASSOCIATES, INC.
Consent Agenda
Resolution
R-234-25
APPROVING TASK
ORDER NO. 19 WITH
FGM ARCHITECTS,
INC
Consent Agenda
Resolution
R-235-25
APPROVING TASK
ORDER NO. 7 WITH
ARGON ELECTRIC
COMPANY, INC.
Consent Agenda
Resolution
R-236-25
APPROVING TASK
ORDER NO. 4 WITH
JOS SERVICES, INC.
Consent Agenda
Resolution
R-237-25
SECOND READING –
ORD. M-26-25
APPROVING
AMENDMENT TO
IMPOSE
REGULATIONS
Consent Agenda
Moved by Oskerka, seconded by Walsten, to Approve Resolution R-233-25, APPROVING
A NEW MASTER CONTRACT WITH RJN GROUP, INC., DOWNERS GROVE,
ILLINOIS. Motion declared carried as approved unanimously under Consent Agenda.
Moved by Oskerka, seconded by Walsten, to Approve Resolution R-234-25, APPROVING
A NEW MASTER CONTRACT WITH TROTTER & ASSOCIATES, INC., ST.
CHARLES, ILLINOIS. Motion declared carried as approved unanimously under Consent
Agenda.
Moved by Oskerka, seconded by Walsten, to Approve Resolution R-235-25, APPROVING
TASK ORDER NO. 19 WITH FGM ARCHITECTS, INC., WESTCHESTER, ILLINOIS
IN THE AMOUNT OF $197,500. BUDGETED FUNDS – FACILITIES REPLACEMENT.
Moved by Oskerka, seconded by Walsten, to Approve Resolution R-236-25, APPROVING
TASK ORDER NO. 7 WITH ARGON ELECTRIC COMPANY, INC., BUFFALO
GROVE, ILLINOIS IN THE AMOUNT OF $88,540. BUDGETED FUNDS – FACILITES
MAINTENANCE. Motion declared carried as approved unanimously under Consent
Agenda.
Moved by Oskerka, seconded by Walsten, to Approve Resolution R-237-25, APPROVING
TASK ORDER NO. 4 WITH JOS SERVICES, INC., LAKE BLUFF, ILLINOIS IN THE
AMOUNT OF $63,474.73. BUDGETED FUNDS – FACILITIES MAINTENANCE.
Motion declared carried as approved unanimously under Consent Agenda.
Alderman Charewicz stated that he would like changes to the ordinance to allow electric
bikes to travel through parking lots.
Colin Tyson of Bike Walk Des Plaines thanked the Council for the change allowing bikes
to legally traverse garages. He also asked a question about two bikes riding side by side, and
it was noted that the language in the ordinance addresses this.
Moved by Charewicz, seconded by Sayad, to approve, as amended, SECOND READING –
M-26-25: AMENDING CHAPTER 4 OF TITLE 7 OF THE CITY CODE TO IMPOSE
REGULATIONS ON ELECTRIC BICYCLES AND OTHER MOTORIZED MOBILITY
Page 6 of 10 12/01/2025
SECOND READING –
ORD. M-27-25
APPROVING
AMENDMENT TO
CITY CODE
Consent Agenda
DEVICES. Upon voice vote, the vote was:
AYES: 8 - Chlebek, Moylan, Oskerka, Sayad,
Merlin, Walsten, Smith, Charewicz
NAYS: 0 - None
ABSENT: 0 - None
Motion declared carried.
Moved by Oskerka, seconded by Walsten, to Approve SECOND READING - M-27-25:
APPROVING AMENDING SECTION 3-3-8 OF THE DES PLAINES CITY CODE
REGARDING FEES FOR AMBULANCE AND OTHER FIRE DEPARTMENT
SERVICES AND ESTABLISHING LIFT ASSIST FEES FOR THE CITY OF
DES PLAINES. Motion declared carried as approved unanimously under Consent Agenda.
APPROVE
REGULAR SESSION
MINUTES
Consent Agenda
APPROVAL OF
INFILL ACTIVITIES
AT LAKE
PETERSON
RETENTION
FACILITY
Consent Agenda
Resolution
R-239-25
Moved by Oskerka, seconded by Walsten, to approve the Regular Session Minutes of the
City Council meeting of November 17, 2025, as published. Motion declared carried as
approved unanimously under Consent Agenda.
Moved by Oskerka, seconded by Walsten, to Approve Resolution R-239-25, A
RESOLUTION AUTHORIZING THE PREPARATION AND EXECUTION OF A
UTILITY LICENSE AND SITE MANAGEMENT AGREEMENT RELATING TO THE
INFILL ACTIVITIES FOR THE LAKE PERERSON RETENTION FACILITY IN THE
O’HARE LAKE OFFICE PARK. Motion declared carried as approved unanimously under
Consent Agenda.
NEW BUSINESS
FINANCE & ADMINISTRATION – Alderman Sayad, Chair
WARRANT
REGISTER
Resolution
R-238-25
Alderman Sayad presented the Warrant Register.
Moved by Sayad, seconded by Oskerka to Approve the Warrant Register of
December 1, 2025, in the Amount of $3,443,746.72 and Approve Resolution R-238-25.
Upon roll call, the vote was:
AYES: 8 - Chlebek, Moylan, Oskerka, Sayad,
Merlin, Walsten, Smith, Charewicz
NAYS: 0 - None
ABSENT: 0 - None
Motion declared carried.
COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT – Alderman Moylan, Chair
CONSIDERATION
OF MAJOR
VARIATION
2019 E. TOUHY AVE.
Director of Community and Economic Development Jeff Rogers reviewed a memorandum
dated November 20, 2025.
Page 7 of 10 12/01/2025
Ordinance
Z-33-25
CONSIDERATION
OF MAJOR
VARIATION 2861
SCOTT STREET
Ordinance
The petitioner requested major variations to permit a 30-foot-wide driveway/turnaround
within the front yard and for the minimum separation for front yard residential walkways
from other hard surfaces.
The subject property was developed by at least 1951 using available historical aerial imagery
depicting it and the surrounding residential neighborhood. Since then, the subject property
has been a single-family detached residence and has had a one car wide driveway to a one
car detached garage on the east side of the subject property.
The petitioner has been discussing their driveway and access needs with staff throughout
2025 during which time staff has provided them with the minimum and maximum
regulations for driveways allowed for their particular property.
The petitioner requests, effectively, a 3-point vehicle turning area within the westside of
their front yard adjacent/expanding the driveway in this area to about 30 feet wide.
This proposed turnaround area is intended to permit forward vehicle movements onto Touhy
Ave. because the petitioner believes forward movement is safer than backing onto Touhy
Ave normally and especially during morning and afternoon peaks.
The PZB held a public hearing on November 4, 2025 to consider the requests. The PZB
voted 4-2 to recommend that City Council approve a major variation for a 27 foot wide
driveway in substantive compliance with the petitioner’s preferred site design as outlined in
the request.
Alderman Walsten clarified with Director Rogers that the intent of the driveway expansion
was to add additional parking to the lot.
Alderman Walsten also asked whether the applicant had been fined for previous code
violations.
Director Rogers noted that they were provided with a notice and given the option to request
a major variation before the City Council.
Alderman Charewicz recommended deferring the decision to the second meeting in January;
however, the motion did not receive a second.
Moved by Walsten, seconded by Oskerka to Deny Ordinance Z-33-25, A
CONSIDERATION OF AN ORDINANCE APPROVING A MAJOR VARIATION FOR
DRIVEWAY WIDTH AND RESIDENTIAL WALKWAY SEPARATION AT
2019 E. TOUHY AVE. Upon roll call, the vote was:
AYES: 6 - Chlebek, Moylan, Oskerka,
Merlin, Walsten, Smith
NAYS: 2 - Sayad, Charewicz
ABSENT: 0 - None
Motion declared carried.
Director of Community and Economic Development Jeff Rogers reviewed a memorandum
dated November 20, 2025.
In mid-2025, the petitioner submitted a permit application for a new 900 sq.ft. and 16.7-
foot-tall, detached garage. Staff reviewed and required resubmittal because the proposed
Page 8 of 10 12/01/2025
Z-34-25
CONSIDERATION
OF ORDINANCE
AMENDING CITY
garage area and building height exceeded the maximum permitted 720 sq.ft. garage area and
15-foot building height for this size lot.
The petitioner requests these variations to permit sufficient space within the garage for
parking a specific large and accessible vehicles.
To seek this design petitioner requests major variations from:
• Sections 12-8-1.C.1 & 5 of the City Code limit the subject property’s detached
garage area to 720 sq.ft. and the detached garage building height to 15 feet.
If the petitioner built both a maximum-sized detached garage and shed, there would be 945
sq.ft. of accessory structures on the property. This permitted by right total would be more
than the petitioner’s proposed single 900 sq.ft. detached garage while also functionally
accommodate the petitioner’s desired vehicle parking plus other typical accessory structure
uses.
The PZB held a public hearing on November 4, 2025 to consider the requests. The PZB
voted 6-0 to recommend that City Council approve the major variation for a 900 sq ft 16.7
foot tall, detached garage.
Director Rogers clarified that no neighbors have reached out regarding this case.
The petitioner stated that he prefers a narrower garage driveway.
Alderman Walsten expressed his support for the project.
Moved by Walsten, seconded by Sayad to Approve Ordinance Z-34-25, A
CONSIDERATION OF AN ORDINANCE APPROVING A MAJOR VARIATION FOR
AN OVERSIZED DETACHED GARAGE AT 2861 SCOTT STREET. Upon voice vote,
the vote was:
AYES: 8 - Chlebek, Moylan, Oskerka, Sayad,
Merlin, Walsten, Smith, Charewicz
NAYS: 0 - None
ABSENT: 0 - None
Motion declared carried.
Moved by Walsten, seconded by Sayad to Advance to Second Reading and Adopt Ordinance
Z-34-25, A CONSIDERATION OF AN ORDINANCE APPROVING A MAJOR
VARIATION FOR AN OVERSIZED DETACHED GARAGE AT 2861 SCOTT STREET.
Upon roll call, the vote was:
AYES: 8 - Chlebek, Moylan, Oskerka, Sayad,
Merlin, Walsten, Smith, Charewicz
NAYS: 0 - None
ABSENT: 0 - None
Motion declared carried.
PUBLIC SAFETY – Alderman Walsten, Chair
Director of Community and Economic Development Jeff Rogers reviewed a memorandum
dated November 25, 2025.
Page 9 of 10 12/01/2025
CONSTRUCTION
REGULATIONS
Ordinance
M-29-25
In 2015, the City Council adopted the 2015 International Code Council (ICC) Codes and the
2014 National Electrical Code (NEC) as the City’s construction regulations replacing the
2012 I-Codes and the 2011 NEC. Through this process, 295 pages of local amendments were
deleted. While there were benefits of streamlining the Code as it relates to construction
regulations, it has since been determined that several critical amendments should be restored
and omissions added.
City staff prepared a summary of the 2021 I-Codes and 2020 NEC as well as approximately
150 draft local amendments for consideration by the City Council’s Building Code
Committee. The proposed Codes and local amendments aim to modernize the currently
applicable Code, enforce public safety and improve risk mitigation while also streamlining
processes, clarifying ambiguities, and strengthening accountability mechanisms.
The State of Illinois requires municipalities to adopt baseline codes to establish the minimum
structural and safety standards that all municipalities and counties must meet, effective
January 1, 2025. These baseline codes are based on the most recent editions of the
International Code Council (ICC) standards, specifically the 2018, 2021, or 2024
International Building Code (IBC), International Residential Code (IRC) for residential
buildings, and International Existing Building Code (IEBC) applicable to new alterations to
existing buildings. Locally adopted codes must be at least as stringent as these baseline
codes, and jurisdictions must report their adopted codes to the Illinois Capital Development
Board. Since the City’s currently adopted 2015 I-Codes are more than 9 years old at this
time, the current Codes are no longer in compliance with the State of Illinois requirements.
The proposed Code adoptions would bring the City into compliance with this requirement.
The City Council’s Building Code Committee met three times to review the proposed Codes,
proposed amendments, and proposed responses to requests for amendments to several
specific proposed amendments.
Through the Committee’s review, the adoption of the 2021 I-Codes and 2020 NEC were
supported unanimously as were the vast majority of the proposed amendments. The
amendments ranged in topic but included requirements applicable to the regulation of
construction sites, issuance of owner-occupier permits, clarity of information required on
permit documents, installation of fire sprinklers for significant improvements to single-
family homes, installation of EV charging stations in hazardous locations, allowable
materials for water distributions systems and sustainable gains via solar-ready zones.
Alderman Walsten mentioned that the requirement for permits to install kitchen cabinets has
been removed and that sustainability testing has been added.
Director Rogers agreed that various changes were made to accommodate the Aldermen’s
requests and to address any code changes that were deemed overreach.
Alderman Merlin agreed with the concern about overreaching permitting; however, he noted
that any changes, such as electrical work, would still require permits.
Moved by Merlin, seconded by Walsten to Approve Ordinance M-29-25, A
CONSIDERATION OF AN ORDINANCE AMENDING THE DES PLAINES CITY
CODE REGARDING THE CITY’S CONSTRUCTION REGULATIONS. Upon voice
vote, the vote was:
AYES: 8 - Chlebek, Moylan, Oskerka, Sayad,
Merlin, Walsten, Smith, Charewicz
NAYS: 0 - None
ABSENT: 0 - None
Page 10 of 10 12/01/2025
__________________________________
Dominik Bronakowski – CITY CLERK
APPROVED BY ME THIS
DAY OF , 2025
__________________________________
Andrew Goczkowski, MAYOR
Motion declared carried.
ADJOURNMENT Moved by Sayad, seconded by Merlin, to adjourn the meeting and enter into closed session.
Upon voice vote, motion declared carried. The meeting adjourned at 8:21 PM.